NES:Disabling CIC Chip
In order to prevent a glut of unlicensed games flooding the game market as with previous consoles, Nintendo implemented a lockout system in the Nintendo Entertainment System to prevent both unlicensed and out-of-region games from being played on the console. This lockout system, known as the 10NES, consists of two 4-bit Sharp SM590 microcontrollers, one in the NES console and the other inside the game cartridge. The chip inside the NES (the "lock") looks for its counterpart in the cartridge (the "key"), and if the chip is not present, the console will go into a 1 Hz reset loop and prevent the game from booting.
Third party game companies devised several ways to bypass the 10NES system, ranging from reverse-engineered copies of the 10NES chip (Tengen) to sending a voltage spike to "knock out" the chip in the NES (Color Dreams/Wisdom Tree). However, the lockout system hampers efforts to play official games from other regions, particularly with PAL-A and PAL-B region games where some titles were released in one region but not the other. It should be noted that the redesigned NES-101 console lacks the 10NES system entirely, presumably to reduce costs.
Fortunately, it is relatively easy to disable the 10NES chip in the NES and there are several methods of accomplishing this.
Classic method: Two keys and no locks
As outlined above, the 10NES system works through two equal chips trading sequences of code, with the console-side chip generating a reset loop if not satisfied. Because the chips are the same, pin 4 of the chip is pulled either up (connected to 5V) or down (connected to ground) depending on if the chip is to act as the "lock" or "key". By pulling pin 4 of the "lock" to ground, it is possible to disable the lockout process and allow for all games to be played.
Procedure
- Disassemble the NES using a Phillips head screwdriver. Remove the top case and then unscrew the RF shielding from the motherboard. Continue with disassembly until the motherboard is free and fully exposed.
- Locate the 10NES chip on the motherboard. It is located near the RF/power box and is labeled either "3193A" for NTSC consoles, "3195A" for PAL-B consoles, "3196A" for Asian/Hong Kong consoles and "3197A" for PAL-A consoles.
- Take a pair of flush cutters and cut pin 4 of the chip at the base of the pin where it is soldered into the motherboard. Carefully pull it up at a 90 degree angle.
- Solder a wire to pin 4 and then cover the exposed pin with heat shrink to prevent possible shorts.
- Solder the other end of the wire to the nearest ground source.
- Reassemble and test. The NES should now be able to accept other region games and unlicensed games without problems, aside from games which will not work with a different region PPU. As a side effect, the NES will no longer go into a reset loop due to an improper connection.
Note that simply cutting off pin 4 will also accomplish the same goal, but this is not completely recommended as it may cause harm to the 10NES chip which is still used for resetting the console.
Complete removal and replacement
Aside from its protection aspect, the 10NES can be considered a fancy reset generator, which fires (to pin 9) on internal conditions (key mismatch) as well as external ones (reset button - pin 7). Due to this reason, simply completely removing the 10NES will not work and will prevent the NES from booting. However, it is possible to completely bypass the 10NES by removing additional components on the motherboard and adding
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Full bypass
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Disadvantages
One of the main disadvantages of bypassing the lockout chip is that with some unlicensed NES games, chiefly those that generate electrical spikes to attempt to glitch the 10NES, have been reported to overheat without their "load". This voltage spike circuitry can also be bypassed if necessary.
A very small number of first party titles require the CIC-generated "cart reset" signal, namely the extremely rare Nintendo World Championships cartridges. Although this issue is unlikely to affect most people, it is still something to consider when performing the lockout bypass.
Additionally, there is a misconception that bypassing the 10NES will drastically improve reliability when loading games. While this result can be somewhat achieved, it is not a solution for bad connections and allowing a game to run in such a state may corrupt save files for games with directly mapped SRAM.